Rule · how much
In a single session
Delivered in one session.

Studies (10)
Paper
A sticker food chart made food variety a habit, but children didn't eat betterUsedHelpedCarers who got a sticker food chart for the kitchen wall more often said they noticed and counted food groups.
Large randomised trial of 2,682 parents of young children in rural India · vs the same feeding training without the chart · they rated themselves · ⚠ whole groups were assigned, not people; summary claims more than the results show; numbers unreliable
Paper
One session on a dreaded study task cut students' putting things offUsedHelpedOne coached session spent working on a dreaded study task cut putting things off more than waiting did.
Randomised trial of 425 university students in China with study anxiety · vs students still waiting for the session · they rated themselves
UsedHelpedFacing a dreaded task with a coach and a chatbot beat reading and practising alone, though by less.
Randomised trial of 425 university students in China with study anxiety · vs the same ideas read and practised alone · they rated themselves
Paper
One hour-long therapy session helped students put things off less two weeks laterUsedHelpedOne hour mapping what made them put things off and planning study times helped students put things off less.
Randomised trial of 151 university students in Germany who put things off · vs students who only filled in questionnaires · they rated themselves
UsedHelpedOne hour on goals, values, mindfulness and stepping back from unhelpful thoughts helped students put things off less.
Randomised trial of 151 university students in Germany who put things off · vs students who only filled in questionnaires · they rated themselves
UsedNo differenceThe planning session and the session on values and mindfulness worked just as well as each other two weeks later.
Randomised trial of 151 university students in Germany who put things off · vs the other one-hour session · they rated themselves
Paper
A one-tap goal question didn't make people listen to meditation on more daysUsedNo differencePeople asked to pick a goal for the week listened on no more days than people asked about the teacher.
Large trial of 18,559 Spotify users who listened to meditation · vs a pop-up question about the teacher · behaviour was recorded · ⚠ not yet checked by other scientists; summary claims more than the results show
Paper
Five written plans built wake-up habits no better than a short videoUsedNo differenceWriting an if-then plan or another plan for getting up built the habit no better than a short video.
Randomised trial of 286 US adults who snooze and sleep badly · vs people who only watched the short video · they rated themselves · ⚠ many people dropped out
Paper
One set of plans was followed by a stronger habit of buying vegetablesUsedMixedPlans to buy vegetables built no stronger habit at first, but the authors report a stronger one by six months.
Randomised trial of 198 UK adults who ate few vegetables · vs the same goal and video without plans · they rated themselves
Paper
Only 1 in 11 at-risk workers took up exercise after one health talkUsedNo comparisonAbout 1 in 11 took up exercise in a year, more often people who already walked or tried to change.
Large observational study of 16,471 Japanese workers at risk of metabolic syndrome · can't show cause · they rated themselves · ⚠ numbers unreliable; summary claims more than the results show
Paper
A day of group therapy didn't clearly help students put things off lessUsedNo differenceA day of group therapy on thoughts and problems worked no better for putting things off than a plain course.
Small randomised trial of 43 Chinese students with high internet addiction scores · vs a training course on internet addiction · they rated themselves · ⚠ summary claims more than the results show
Paper
A 20-minute online sleep lesson got more students to keep a regular sleep scheduleUsedHelpedEight weeks after one short online sleep lesson, more students said they kept a more regular sleep schedule.
Randomised trial of 549 college students in the USA · vs students who only filled in surveys · they rated themselves · ⚠ numbers unreliable
UsedNo differenceThe same online sleep lesson did not get students to go to bed any earlier, on weekdays or weekends.
Randomised trial of 549 college students in the USA · vs students who only filled in surveys · they rated themselves · ⚠ numbers unreliable
Paper
A short habit leaflet made food and exercise habits feel more like second natureUsedHelpedWith a tip sheet, plans and daily ticks, food and exercise habits felt more automatic than in usual care.
Randomised trial of 537 adults with obesity in England · vs usual weight-loss care · they rated themselves
Often used with it

Action4
Learn how the problem worksPsychoeducation about procrastination, habits, sleep, routines or ADHD.




Action3
Do the task you've been avoidingExposure: deliberately start an avoided task while the discomfort is there.

Rule · with whom5
Have someone help you set it upA coach, carer, parent or clinician helps set the plan up.