Action
Practise mindfulness
Meditation or mindfulness exercises.

Studies (13)
Paper
Boys in detention said they put things off less after group mindfulnessTestedHelpedAfter eight weekly group mindfulness sessions, boys said they put things off less than boys without the sessions.
Small randomised trial of 30 teenage boys in a youth detention centre · vs boys who only filled in the questionnaires · they rated themselves · ⚠ numbers unreliable; results look too good to be true
Paper
Sleep therapy by video helped pregnant women put off going to bed lessTestedHelpedA mindful version of the same therapy beat the emailed tips by about as much.
Small randomised trial of 64 pregnant women with sleep problems · vs six weekly emails with general sleep tips · they rated themselves
Paper
One hour-long therapy session helped students put things off less two weeks laterTestedHelpedOne hour on goals, values, mindfulness and stepping back from unhelpful thoughts helped students put things off less.
Randomised trial of 151 university students in Germany who put things off · vs students who only filled in questionnaires · they rated themselves
Paper
A one-tap goal question didn't make people listen to meditation on more daysUsedNo differencePeople asked to pick a goal for the week listened on no more days than people asked about the teacher.
Large trial of 18,559 Spotify users who listened to meditation · vs a pop-up question about the teacher · behaviour was recorded · ⚠ not yet checked by other scientists; summary claims more than the results show
Paper
Unclear if group mindfulness helped students put off schoolwork less than doing nothingTestedNo differenceAfter eight weeks of group mindfulness, students put off schoolwork less, but it's unclear if that beat doing nothing.
Small randomised trial of 62 students at a university in China · vs students who kept their usual routines · they rated themselves · ⚠ numbers unreliable
Paper
Eight weeks of group mindfulness helped teens put off schoolwork lessTestedHelpedTeens in eight weekly group mindfulness sessions with home practice put off schoolwork less than those who got nothing.
Small randomised trial of 30 high-school students in Iran · vs students who got nothing · they rated themselves · ⚠ results look too good to be true; numbers unreliable
Paper
Ten weeks of group meditation left students no different from a waiting groupTestedNo differenceStudents who had ten weeks of group meditation ended up putting things off about as much as the waiting group.
Small randomised trial of 42 first-year university students in Spain · vs students who were still waiting for the course · they rated themselves · ⚠ only counted people who finished; summary claims more than the results show
Paper
Students put off going to bed less after eight weeks of mindfulness practiceTestedHelpedStudents who had eight weeks of group mindfulness sessions put off going to bed less than students who got nothing.
Small randomised trial of 40 university students in China · vs students who got nothing · they rated themselves · ⚠ groups weren't properly compared
Paper
A mindfulness and thinking course helped students put off schoolwork lessTestedHelpedAfter a four-week course on mindfulness and unhelpful thoughts, students put off schoolwork less than the group that waited.
Small randomised trial of 43 Muslim university students in Indonesia · vs students still waiting for the course · they rated themselves · ⚠ numbers unreliable; only counted people who finished
Paper
An online course on handling hard feelings helped students put things off lessTestedHelpedA 9-week online course on handling hard feelings helped students put things off less than the waiting group.
Randomised trial of 148 university students in Germany · vs students still waiting for the course · they rated themselves · ⚠ numbers unreliable
Paper
Mindfulness helped boys put off homework and tests less, but not essaysTestedMixedBoys who did mindfulness each week put off homework and test study less than the others, but not essays.
Small randomised trial of 30 sixth-grade boys at one Iranian school · vs boys who got nothing and kept usual routines · they rated themselves · ⚠ unclear how groups were picked; numbers unreliable
Paper
Eight short mindfulness lessons helped teenage girls put off schoolwork lessTestedHelpedAfter eight short lessons on calm breathing and hard thoughts, girls put off schoolwork less than girls without lessons.
Small randomised trial of 88 eighth-grade girls in Tehran, Iran · vs girls who got no lessons · they rated themselves · ⚠ numbers unreliable
Paper
A self-guided online stress course helped adults put things off lessTestedHelpedPeople on a short online stress course put things off less than the waiting group; the drop lasted six months.
Randomised trial of 259 adults in Norway found through Facebook · vs people still waiting for the course · they rated themselves · ⚠ many people dropped out; numbers unreliable
Often used with it




Action5
Challenge unhelpful thoughtsCognitive restructuring of beliefs such as perfectionism or catastrophising.

